Hormones and Neuropeptides

Insulin (human) is a polypeptide hormone that regulates the level of glucose. Insulin (human) can be used for the diabetes mellitus.

Insulin cattle is a two-chain polypeptide hormone produced in vivo in the pancreatic β cells. Insulin cattle has often been used as growth supplement in culturing cells.

α-MSH (α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone), an endogenous neuropeptide, is an endogenous melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) agonist with anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities. α-MSH is a post-translational derivative of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC).

Substance P (Neurokinin P) is a CNS-penetrant neuropeptide, acting as a neurotransmitter and as a neuromodulator in the CNS. The endogenous receptor for substance P is neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1-receptor, NK1R).

Glucagon (1-29), bovine, human, porcine is a peptide hormone, produced by pancreatic α-cells. Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis. Glucagon (1-29), bovine, human, porcine activates HNF4α and increases HNF4α phosphorylation.

α-Endorphin (human) is a neuropeptide, that acts on the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). α-Endorphin (human) binds μ-opioid receptor, and exhibits analgesic efficacy. α-Endorphin (human) regulates sexual behaviors and pleasure felling.

Pancreatic Polypeptide, rat (Rat pancreatic polypeptide) is a rat-derived Pancreatic Polypeptide. Pancreatic Polypeptide is a preferential agonist of NPYR4. Pancreatic Polypeptide, rat protects cells against Streptozotocin (HY-13753)-induced DNA damage. Pancreatic Polypeptide, rat inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Pancreatic Polypeptide, rat (TFA) can be used in diabetes-related research.

Neuropeptide S (human)-¹³C₂,¹⁵N is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Neuropeptide S (human) (HY-P1389). Neuropeptide S human, a neuropeptide, is a potent cognate neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR) agonist. Neuropeptide S human can be used for Alzheimer's disease (AD) research.

Insulin solution (human) is a polypeptide hormone that regulates the level of glucose. Insulin solution (human) can be used for the diabetes mellitus.

Oxytocin (α-Hypophamine; Oxytocic hormone) is a pleiotropic, hypothalamic peptide known for facilitating parturition, lactation, and prosocial behaviors. Oxytocin can function as a stress-coping molecule with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protective effects especially in the face of adversity or trauma.

Teriparatide (Human parathyroid hormone-(1-34)) is a PTH1 receptor agonist. Teriparatide (Human parathyroid hormone-(1-34)) can be used for osteoporosis research.

GIP, human, a peptide hormone consisting of 42 amino acids, is a stimulator of glucose-dependent insulin secretion and a weak inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. GIP, human acts as an incretin hormone released from intestinal K cells in response to nutrient ingestion.

α-CGRP (human) (Calcitonin gene-related peptide) is a regulatory neuropeptide of 37 amino acids. α-CGRP (human) is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system. α-CGRP (human) is a potent vasodilator and has inotropic and chronotropic effects.

α-CGRP (mouse, rat), a neuropeptide (calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)) mainly expressed in neuromuscular junction, is a potent vasodilator. α-CGRP (mouse, rat) can lead to a fall in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate by peripheral administration, also relax colonie smooth muscle. α-CGRP (mouse, rat) has the potential in cardiovascular, pro-inflammatory, migraine and metabolic studies.

Calcitonin salmon, a calcium regulating hormone, is a dual-action amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist, could stimulate bone formation and inhibit bone resorption.

Bradykinin is an effective endothelium-dependent vasodilator that can lower blood pressure. Bradykinin can induce contraction of bronchial and intestinal non-vascular smooth muscle, increase vascular permeability, and participate in the mechanism of pain.

Amylin, amide, rat is a potent and high affinity ligand of Amylin receptor AMY1 and AMY3 receptors and variably of AMY2 receptors; binding studies are generally used for the latter receptor.

GLP-1(7-37) is an intestinal insulinotropic hormone that augments glucose induced insulin secretion.

Calcitonin (human) is a hypocalcemic hormone. Calcitonin can lower blood calcium levels and inhibit bone resorption. Calcitonin can be used in hypercalcemia or osteoporosis research.

PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat is a PAC₁ receptor agonist. PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat binds to PACAP type I receptor, PACAP type II receptor VIP1, and PACAP type II receptor VIP2 with IC₅₀s of 4 nM, 2 nM, and 1 nM, respectively. PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat increases the α-secretase activity. PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat elevates cytosolic Ca²⁺, increases proliferation and increases phosphorylation of extracellular regulates kinase (ERK) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat demonstrates potent, efficacious, and sustained stimulatory effects on sympathetic neuronal NPY and catecholamine production. PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat can be used for neurotrophic and neuroprotective research.