Antimicrobial Peptides

LL-37, human is a 37-residue, amphipathic, cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide, which exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. LL-37, human could help protect the cornea from infection and modulates wound healing.

Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic with rapid in vitro bactericidal activity against gram-positive organisms.

Polymyxin B Sulfate is an antibiotic. Polymyxin B Sulfate inhibits Gram-negative infections by binding to the LPS of the bacterial wall with high affinity. Polymyxin B Sulfate neutralizes the effect of endotoxin. Polymyxin B Sulfate induces bacterial death by increasing its permeability. Polymyxin B Sulfate is used in endotoxemia research.

Melittin is a PLA₂ activator, stimulates the activity of the low molecular weight PLA₂, while it does not the increase activity of the high molecular weight PLA₂.

Thiostrepton is a thiazole antibiotic which selectively inhibits FOXM1. FOXM1 binds to YAP/TEAD complex. YAP/TEAD/FOXM1 complex binding at regulatory regions of genes governing cell cycle may impact cell proliferation.

Salivaricin B is a broad-spectrum bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus M7. Salivaricin B reduces cell wall thickness, induces abnormal septum formation, and exerts rapid bactericidal activity against susceptible Gram-positive bacteria without disrupting cytoplasmic membrane integrity or dissipating membrane potential. Salivaricin B inhibits the growth of oral, upper respiratory tract and food-related Gram-positive pathogens, spoilage bacteria, lactobacilli, and SboB-non-producing Streptococcus salivarius strains. Its activity is strain-dependent, and it has no effect on Gram-negative bacteria. Salivaricin B can be used in studies related to bacterial infections.

Cyclic L27-11 is a peptidomimetic compound targeting the bacterial outer membrane protein LptD. Cyclic L27-11 exhibits nanomolar antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cyclic L27-11 binds to LptD and inhibits the translocation of lipopolysaccharides to the cell surface. Cyclic L27-11 can be used in studies related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Epaganan is a modified antimicrobial peptide, a derivative of the natural peptide Tachyplesin-1 with an aspartic acid residue added to its C-terminus. Epaganan can be used in veterinary research.

Polymyxin B nonapeptide is a cyclic peptide obtained from Polymyxin B by proteolytic removal of its terminal amino acyl residue. Polymyxin B nonapeptide is less toxic, lacks bactericidal activity, and retains its ability to render gram-negative bacteria susceptible to several antibiotics by permeabilizing their outer membranes.

Nisin is a bacteriocin produced by a group of Gram-positive bacteria that belongs to Lactococcus and Streptococcus species. Nisin has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity.

Gramicidin is an antimicrobial peptide assembling as channels in membranes and increasing their permeability towards cations.

LL-37, human TFA is a 37-residue, amphipathic, cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide, which exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. LL-37, human TFA could help protect the cornea from infection and modulates wound healing.

Alamethicin is a linear 20-amino acid antibiotic, which can induce voltage-gated conductance in model and cell membranes. Alamethicin exhibits antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, but not Gram-negative bacteria. Alamethicin can form an amphipathic α-helical structure in biological membranes.

Aureobasidin A (Basifungin) is a cyclic peptide antibiotic with oral activity. Aureobasidin A is an inhibitor of inositol phosphorylated ceramide synthetase AUR1. Aureobasidin A has antifungal and antiparasitic activity.

LEAP-2 (Human liver expressed antimicrobial peptide-2) is a GHS-R1a antagonist, with an IC₅₀ of 6.0 nM. LEAP-2 suppresses the orexigenic effect of ghrelin. LEAP-2 attenuates ghrelin-induced growth hormone (GH) release and reduces basal food intake. LEAP-2 exhibits antimicrobial activity against microbial model organisms. LEAP-2 can be used for the study of obesity and infection.

LL-37, human acetate is a 37-residue, amphipathic, cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide, which exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. LL-37, human acetate could help protect the cornea from infection and modulates wound healing.

Nisin Z is an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory peptide. Nisin Z is effective against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, such as C. albicans.

Gramicidin S (Gramicidin soviet) is a cationic cyclic peptide antibiotic that selectively targets bacterial cell membranes and has anticancer activity. Gramicidin S also exerts antibacterial activity by destroying membrane integrity and interfering with membrane protein function. Gramicidin S inserts into the phospholipid bilayer through hydrophobic amino acid residues, specifically binds to negatively charged membrane lipids and disrupts membrane structure, thereby inhibiting cell division and cell wall synthesis, and ultimately causing bacterial death. Gramicidin S also inhibits ion channels, with IC₅₀s of 41 μM, 24 μM, and 3 μM for Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, tobacco leaf plasma membrane Mg²⁺/K⁺-ATPase, and rat heart plasma membrane Ca²⁺-ATPase, respectively.

CRAMP (mouse) is an antibacterial peptide and a functional homolog of LL-37. CRAMP (mouse) exhibits potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. The complex formed by CRAMP (mouse) and CpG can activate macrophages to secrete TNF-α. CRAMP (mouse) plays a key role in wound healing, immune regulation and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.

Cecropin A is a linear 37-residue antimicrobial polypeptide, with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity.