Cardiovascular disease refers to a group of diseases involving the heart and vascular system, including coronary heart disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, etc. These diseases often involve structural and functional abnormalities of the cardiovascular system, which may lead to insufficient blood supply, heart dysfunction, and more. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, poor diet and lack of exercise. Preventive measures include maintaining a healthy lifestyle, regular physical examinations, and timely treatment of chronic diseases, which can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.