T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain

Definition:

Part of the TCR-CD3 complex present on T-lymphocyte cell surface that plays an essential role in adaptive immune response. When antigen presenting cells (APCs) activate T-cell receptor (TCR), TCR-mediated signals are transmitted across the cell membrane by the CD3 chains CD3D, CD3E, CD3G and CD3Z. All CD3 chains contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their cytoplasmic domain. Upon TCR engagement, these motifs become phosphorylated by Src family protein tyrosine kinases LCK and FYN, resulting in the activation of downstream signaling pathways. In addition of this role of signal transduction in T-cell activation, CD3E plays an essential role in correct T-cell development. Initiates the TCR-CD3 complex assembly by forming the two heterodimers CD3D/CD3E and CD3G/CD3E. Participates also in internalization and cell surface down-regulation of TCR-CD3 complexes via endocytosis sequences present in CD3E cytosolic region.

References:

[1]. Nadia Martin-Blanco, et al. CD3ε recruits Numb to promote TCR degradation. Int Immunol. 2016 Mar;28(3):127-37. [Content Brief]

[2]. A Borroto, et al. The CD3 epsilon subunit of the TCR contains endocytosis signals. J Immunol. 1999 Jul 1;163(1):25-31. [Content Brief]

[3]. Idoia Gimferrer, et al. Relevance of CD6-mediated interactions in T cell activation and proliferation. J Immunol. 2004 Aug 15;173(4):2262-70. [Content Brief]

[4]. C Soudais, et al. Independent mutations of the human CD3-epsilon gene resulting in a T cell receptor/CD3 complex immunodeficiency. Nat Genet. 1993 Jan;3(1):77-81. [Content Brief]

[5]. Geneviève de Saint Basile, et al. Severe combined immunodeficiency caused by deficiency in either the delta or the epsilon subunit of CD3. J Clin Invest. 2004 Nov;114(10):1512-7. [Content Brief]

[6]. E K Barber, et al. The CD4 and CD8 antigens are coupled to a protein-tyrosine kinase (p56lck) that phosphorylates the CD3 complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 May;86(9):3277-81. [Content Brief]

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